Research Summaries
The ECHO Program is committed to providing participants and the general public with results from ECHO research. As part of our effort to do so, the ECHO Program has created research summaries for all ECHO publications. ECHO publications come from research where multiple ECHO researchers with varying expertise work together to share and study data to make new discoveries.
See our research summaries below to learn more about this ECHO-funded research, which aims to enhance the health of children for generations to come.
Observational Studies (ECHO Cohort)
ECHO conducts observational research through its ECHO Cohort . Through these 70+ study sites, ECHO researchers are able to observe, or look at, information about a participant’s health over time.
Harsh Parenting and High Socioeconomic Stress May Be Associated with Higher Internalizing Problems Like Anxiety in Children, ECHO Study Finds
Authors: Lue Williams, Veronica Oro, Leslie Leve, et al.
ECHO Study Analyzes Relationship Between Molecules During Pregnancy and Childhood BMI
Authors: Rachel Kelly, Nicole Prince, Donghai Liang, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Maternal Sleep During Second Trimester of Pregnancy May be Associated with ADHD Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Early Childhood
Authors: Claudia Lugo-Candelas, Tse Hwei, Seonjoo Lee, Cristiane Duarte, et al.
ECHO Researchers Characterize Children Born Preterm into Four Neurobehavioral Profiles
Authors: Marie Camerota, et al.
Different Viruses that Cause Wheezing Illnesses Provide Limited Protection Against Each Other
Authors: Yury Bochkov, James Gern, et al.
Caregiver-Reported Measures of Childhood Behavior May be Biased by the Demographic Traits of Caregivers and Children
Authors: Shuting Zheng, Maxwell Mansolf, Somer Bishop, et al.
Shortened Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) Observed to be Comparable to Full SRS in Autism Risk Factor Estimation
Authors: Marisa Patti, Kristen Lyall, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests No Association Between Maternal Stress in the First Year After Birth and Childhood BMI
Authors: Callie Brown, Charles Wood, et al.
Factors Linked to Pregnancy Inflammation May Be Associated With Dysregulation in Children
Authors: Jean Frazier, Michael O’Shea, et al.
Preterm Birth and Family Hardship May Associated With Childhood Behavior Problems
Authors: Julie A. Hofheimer, Monica McGrath, Rashelle Musci, et al.
Specific Social, Environmental Factors May Influence Incidence Rates of Childhood Asthma with Recurrent Exacerbations
Authors: Rachel L. Miller; Christine C. Johnson, et al.
Shorter Questionnaire Shown Effective for Measuring Autism-Related Traits in Children
Authors: Aaron Kaat, Kristen Lyall, et al.
ECHO Study Links COVID-19 Stress, Slightly Earlier Births
Authors: Kim McKee, Sarah Comstock, et al.
Screen Time for Children Rose During COVID-19 Pandemic, Remained High After Restrictions Lifted
Authors: Monique Hedderson, Assiamira Ferrara, et al.
Child Body Mass Index Dropped After Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act in Schools
Authors: Aruna Chandran, Emily Knapp, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA) May Be Linked to Autism-Related Traits in Children
Authors: Jennifer Ames, Ghassan Hamra, et al.
Exposure to Certain Phthalates During Pregnancy May Affect Brain Development in Infant Girls
Authors: Authors: Leny Matthew, Craig Newschaffer, et al.
Mothers Who Experience More Life Changes Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Reported More Symptoms of Traumatic Stress
Authors: Tracy Bastain, Amy Margolis, et al.
ECHO Study Finds Associations Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability at Birth With Higher Childhood Body Mass Index
Authors: Izzuddin M. Aris, et al.
ECHO Study Identifies Depression, Anxiety, and Other Drug Use as Risk Factors for Opioid Use During Pregnancy
Authors: Ruby H.N. Nguyen, Monica McGrath, et al.
ECHO Study Compares Cross-Cultural Patterns of Attention Linked to Underlying Behavior Problems in Children
Authors: Sara Nozadi, Andréa Aguiar, et al.
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Children's Sleep Schedules Changed, But Their Time Asleep Stayed the Same
Authors: Maristella Lucchini, et al.
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Children's Screen Time Increased
Authors: Traci Bekelman, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Air Pollution, Secondhand Smoke, Formaldehyde Exposure Affect Length of Time to Get Pregnant
Authors: Eva Siegel, Linda Kahn, et al.
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Children Gained Weight Faster
Authors: Emily Knapp, Aruna Chandran, et al.
Depression in New Mothers Is Common, Especially When Babies Are Born Too Early
Authors: Nicole Bush, Danielle Roubinov, Rashelle Musci, et al.
Study Reveals Rising Levels of Plastics, Pesticides, and Replacement Chemicals in Pregnant Women
Authors: Jessie P. Buckley, Tracey J. Woodruff, et al.
The Relationship Between Prenatal Obesity and Child Autism-related Social Behaviors
Authors: Kristen Lyall, Christine Ladd-Acosta, et al.
Families Who Had More COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Hardships Had More Stress, Lower Child Life Satisfaction
Authors: Courtney K. Blackwell, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Link Between Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism-Related Traits in Children
Authors: Rashelle J. Musci, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, et al.
ECHO Research Compares Burden of Parent-Reported Child Diet Assessments
Authors: Traci Bekelman, Dana Dabelea, et al.
ECHO Study Maps Environmental Exposures During Pregnancy to Molecular Changes Associated with Key Health Processes
Authors: Brett T. Doherty, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Higher Risk of Obesity for Children With Asthma
Authors: Nikos Stratakis and Erika Garcia
ECHO Study Links Phthalate Exposure During Pregnancy With Genetic Changes in the Placenta
Authors: Alison Paquette, et al.
ECHO Review Suggests Environmental Exposures Can Affect Health Outcomes Across Multiple Generations
Authors: Carrie Breton, et al.
ECHO Study Unifies Two Popular Surveys for Screening Adult Depression
Authors: Courtney K. Blackwell, et al.
ECHO Review Finds Air Pollution May Be Associated with Child Brain Development, Behavior
Authors: Heather E. Volk, et al.
ECHO Study Identifies Genetic Underpinnings of Wheezing Patterns Linked to Asthma
Authors: Brian Hallmark, et al.
ECHO Study Identifies Disparities in Preterm Birth Risk Based on Race, Ethnicity, Neighborhood Conditions, Education Level
Authors: Anne L. Dunlop, et al.
Better Sleep Quality Is Linked to Lower Levels of Stress and Better General Health in Children
Author: Courtney K. Blackwell
ECHO Study Suggests Chronically Ill Children Can Still Have High Life Satisfaction
Authors: Courtney K. Blackwell, et al
ECHO Study Suggests Exposure to Opioids During Pregnancy May Have Subtle Effects on Child Health Outcomes
Authors: Elisabeth Conradt, Sheila Crowell and Barry Lester
ECHO Study Suggests Specific Form of Vitamin E Prevents, Treats Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Cosby Stone, et al
ECHO Researchers Test a Short Questionnaire for Measuring Autism-Related Behaviors in Children
Authors: Kristen Lyall and Craig Newschaffer
ECHO Study Suggests PCBs in Soil, Water, Building Materials Increase Time Couples Need to Get Pregnant
Authors: Linda Kahn, et al.
ECHO Study Finds Children Are Less Likely to Get the Common Cold as They Get Older
Authors: Timothy Choi, James E. Gern and Yury A. Bochkov
ECHO Review Explores Statistical Approaches for Investigating Periods of Susceptibility in Children's Environmental Health Research
Authors: Jessie Buckley, Ghassan Hamra and Joseph Braun
ECHO Study Finds Pregnant People Exposed to Variety of Chemicals—Some May Affect Birth Weights
Authors: John L. Pearce, et al.
ECHO Study Outlines How Researchers Can Combine Datasets With Different Confounders*
Authors: Ghassan B. Hamra, et al.
ECHO Study Identifies Demographics of Children Most Likely to Develop Asthma
Authors: Christine Cole Johnson and Aruna Chandran
ECHO Study Links PFAS Exposure During Pregnancy to Lower Birth Weight for Black Mothers
Authors: Che-Jung Chang, et al.
ECHO Study Identifies Demographics of Pregnant People Least Likely to Get the Nutrients They Need
Authors: Katherine Sauder, et al.
ECHO Study Evaluates Influence of Neighborhood-Level Poverty and Food Insecurity During Pregnancy on Birthweight
Authors: Izzuddin Aris, Emily Oken, et al.
Study Finds Link Between Phthalate Exposure During Pregnancy and Development of Multiple Health Outcomes in Children
Authors: Drew Day, Kaja Z. LeWinn, et al.
ECHO Research Suggests Airborne Lead Exposure Affects Children’s Cognitive Development, Impacting Males More Than Females
Authors: Amii Kress, Lisa Gatzke-Kopp, et al.
ECHO Study Shows Fish Consumption and Omega-3 Supplement Use Uncommon During Pregnancy
Authors: Emily Oken, Kristen Lyall, et al.
ECHO Study Finds Link Between Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth, Estimates Potential Costs
Authors: Leonardo Trasande, et al.
ECHO Study Finds Flame-Retardant Chemicals May Increase Risk Of Preterm Birth and Higher Birth Weight
Authors: Deborah Bennett, Jiwon Oh, et al.
New ECHO Research Highlights Gaps in Literature Studying Role of Fathers in Child Development
Authors: Elena Jansen, Kristine Marceau, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Early Breastfeeding May Be Linked to Lower Risk of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Gayle Shipp, Adaeze Wosu, et al.
ECHO Study Finds No Association Between Arsenic Exposure and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Jonathan Lewis, Emily A. Knapp, Amii M. Kress, et al.
ECHO Program Collects Valuable Data on Nutrition During Pregnancy and Early Life
Authors: Megan Bragg, Kristen Lyall, et al.
ECHO Researchers Measure Pandemic-Related Traumatic Stress in Families
Authors: Courtney K. Blackwell, et al.
New ECHO Cohort Research Finds Adolescents with Disabilities May Have Been More Vulnerable to Social Disruptions During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Phillip Sherlock, Maxwell Mansolf, Courtney Blackwell, et al.
ECHO Research Identifies Variety of Low-calorie, Nutrient-rich Foods for Optimal Prenatal Nutrition
Authors: Katherine Sauder, Catherine Cohen, et al.
“Accelerated” Biological Age at Birth Not Linked to Behavioral and Emotional Health Outcomes in Early Childhood
Authors: Christine Ladd-Acosta, Heather Volk, et al.
ECHO Cohort Researchers Find Association Between Some Prenatal Chemical Exposures and Postpartum Depression
Authors: Melanie Jacobson, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Neighborhood Conditions Throughout Childhood May Shape Risk of Developing Asthma
Authors: Izzuddin Aris, et al.
Educational Background and Child Age Influenced Experiences of Caregivers During COVID‑19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaja Z. LeWinn, Lisa Jacobson, et al.
COVID-19 Pandemic Stress and Child Behavior: Examining Discrimination and Social Support in Racially Diverse ECHO Cohorts
Authors: Patricia A. Brennan, Sara S. Nozadi, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Limiting Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Home Key to Reduce Total Consumption by Children
Authors: Matt Kasman, et al
ECHO Researchers Develop a National Exposure Index for Combined Environmental Hazards and Social Stressors
Authors: Sheena Martenies, et al.
Prenatal Depression May Be Linked to Autism-Related Traits in Children
Authors: Lyndsay A. Avalos, Lisa A. Croen, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Caregiver Stress May Be Linked to Child Sleep Issues
Authors: Maxwell Mansolf, Courtney K. Blackwell, et al.
Maternal PFAS Exposure During Pregnancy May Increase Children’s Risk of Obesity
Authors: Yun Liu, Joseph Braun, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Substance Use During Pregnancy May Be Linked to Behavior Problems in Children
Authors: Sarah Maylott, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco, Other Substances Associated With Child Behavior, Reasoning
Authors: Liz Conradt, et al.
Gestational Diabetes and Postpartum Depression May Be Linked With Early Childhood Behavior Problems
Authors: Lauren C. Shuffrey, et al.
Children and Adolescents Born Preterm Were More Likely to Use Healthcare Services Related to COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Elisabeth C. McGowan, Monica McGrath, Andrew Law, Barry Lester, et al
ECHO Study Links Maternal Health Factors With Newborn Metabolism and Child Body Mass Index
Authors: Britt Snyder, Tina Hartert, James Gern, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests COVID-19 Pandemic Contributed to Developmental Delays in Infants, Toddlers
Authors: Sara Nozadi, Johnnye Lewis, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Placenta Development for Male, Female Infants May Differ
Authors: Catherine Bulka, Rebecca Fry, et al
ECHO Study Suggests Most Prenatal Vitamins May Not Provide All of the Nutrients Pregnant People Need
Authors: Katherine Sauder, et al.
People Pregnant During COVID-19 Pandemic Experienced More Stress, Depression Symptoms
Authors: Alison E. Hipwell, Irene Tung, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Exposure to PFAS During Pregnancy May Be Linked to Lower Birthweights
Authors: Amy Padula, Tracey Woodruff, et al.
Pregnancy Complications Like Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes May Be Linked to Slower Biological Development in Babies
Authors: Carrie Breton, Christine Ladd-Acosta, et al.
ECHO Researchers Demonstrate Reliability of Room-Temperature, Methanol-Preserved Placental Samples for Measuring Metabolism
Authors: Jennifer Straughen, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Childhood Maltreatment of Mothers Linked to Asthma, ADHD, and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Their Children
Authors: Claudia Buss, Nora K. Moog
ECHO Study Suggests Link Between Severe Bronchiolitis During Infancy and Asthma During Childhood
Authors: Kohei Hasegawa, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Oxidative Stress Contributes to Mother's Risk for Preterm Birth
Authors: Stephanie Eick, Rachel Morello-Frosch, et al.
No Association Between Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy, Child's Risk for Autism-Related Traits
Authors: Patricia Brennen, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Eating Processed Foods May Affect How Long Mothers Breastfeed Their Babies
Authors: Emily Zimmerman, et al.
Diabetes and Depression During Pregnancy May Be Linked to Higher Risk of Postpartum Depression in Mothers
Authors: Lauren Shuffrey, et al.
During the Pandemic, Children Whose Parents Had Flexible Work Schedules and More Financial Security Were More Likely to Have Less Screen Time and More Sleep
Authors: Traci Bekelman, Katherine Sauder, et al.
ECHO Study Reveals Pregnant People Are Exposed to Dangerous Chemicals Found in a Variety of Household Products
Authors: Giehae Choi, Jessie Buckley, Tracey Woodruff, et al.
ECHO Researchers Investigate Effects of Preterm Birth, Environmental Exposures on Child Health
Authors: Michael O’Shea, Monica McGrath, Judy Aschner, Barry Lester, et al.
Pregnant People Living in Worse Neighborhood Conditions Were More Likely to Have Shorter Pregnancies and Smaller Babies
Authors: Sheena Martenies, et al.
ECHO Study Finds Disparities across Racial, Ethnic Groups in Sleep Duration, Quality During Pregnancy
Authors: Maristella Lucchini, et al.
ECHO Study Links Poor Neighborhood Conditions With Higher Risk of Asthma in Children
Authors: Antonella Zanobetti, Patrick H. Ryan, et al.
ECHO Study Identifies Biological, Behavioral, and Social Factors Affecting Pregnancy Health
Authors: Stephanie Eick, Rachel Morello-Frosch, et al.
Informed Mothers More Likely to Engage in Collective Action, Reduce Family- and Community-Level Chemical Exposures
Authors: Amy Padula, Rachel Morello-Frosch, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Antimony Exposure During Pregnancy Contributes to Lower Birth Weight
Authors: Caitlin Howe, Margaret R. Karagas, et al.
ECHO Study Links Fast Growth During First Five Years of Life With Younger Onset of Puberty in Children
Authors: Izzuddin M. Aris, et al.
ECHO Study Suggests Link Between Maternal Stress During Late Pregnancy and Infant Pacifier Sucking Patterns
Authors: Emily Zimmerman, et al.
ECHO Researchers Develop Shorter Survey for Measuring Sources of Stress in Adults
Authors: Phillip Sherlock, et al.
Pregnant People Exposed to Various Chemicals, Including Chemicals in Personal Care Products and Consumer Goods
Authors: Brett Doherty and Megan Romano
IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network
ECHO conducts intervention research through the ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) Intervention research involves making changes in participants’ lives to see how the changes affect their health.
Influence of Eat, Sleep, and Console on Infants Pharmacologically Treated for Opioid Withdrawal: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of the ESC-NOW Randomized Clinical Trial
Author(s): Lori A. Devlin, Zhuopei Hu, Stephanie L. Merhar, et al.
A Qualitative Exploration of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents
Authors: Aubree Honcoop, James R Roberts, Boyd Davis, et al.
“Eat, Sleep, Console” approach shown to be more effective in caring for newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Leslie Young, Lori Devlin, Stephanie Merhar, et al.
The ACT NOW Clinical Practice Survey: Gaps in the Care of Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Jessica Snowden, Akshatha, Robert Annett, et al
Site-Level Variation in the Characteristics and Care of Infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal
Authors: Leslie Young, Zhuopei Hu, Robert Annett, et al.
Phenobarbital and Clonidine as Secondary Medications for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Stephanie Merhar, Songthip Ounpraseuth, Lori Devlin, et al.
Best Practices for Conducting Clinical Trials with Indigenous Children in the United States
Authors: Jennifer Shaw, Erin Semmens, May Okihiro, et al.
Can People Living in Rural Areas Accurately Measure Their Height and Weight at Home?
Author(s): E (Alice) Zhang, Ann M. Davis, Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez, et al.
How Much Vitamin D do Children with Asthma and Increased Body Weight Need to Correct Low Vitamin D Levels?
Authors: Jason E. Lang, Rodrigo Gonzalez Ramirez, Stephen Balevic, et al.
Rural Family Satisfaction with Telehealth Delivery of an Intervention for Pediatric Obesity and Associated Family Characteristics
Authors: Nguyen L, Phan TL, Falini L, et al.
The Influence of Mediators on the Relationship Between Antenatal Opioid Agonist Exposure and the Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Lori A. Devlin, Zhuopei Hu, Songthip Ounpraseuth, et al.
Conducting a Pediatric Randomized Clinical Trial During a Pandemic: A Shift to Virtual Procedures
Authors: James Roberts, Sheva Chervinskiy, Russell McCulloh, et al.
Facilitators and Barriers to Pediatric Clinical Trial Recruitment and Retention in Rural and Community Settings: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Sara E. Watson, Paul Smith, Jessica Snowden, et al.
Training as an Intervention to Decrease Medical Record Abstraction Errors Multicenter Studies
Authors: Meredith Zozus, Leslie Young, Alan Simon, et al